Modern Indian History & Freedom Struggle
Modern Indian History & Freedom Struggle is one of the most crucial topics for students, researchers, and aspirants preparing for competitive examinations like UPSC, APSC, SSC, State PSCs, and other government recruitment tests. This subject not only highlights the chronological events of India’s journey from the late 18th century to independence in 1947 but also provides deep insights into the socio-political, cultural, and economic transformations that shaped modern India.
The study begins with the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of British power through the East India Company, followed by the consolidation of colonial rule under the British Crown. Important movements such as the Revolt of 1857, the rise of socio-religious reform movements, and the foundation of the Indian National Congress marked the awakening of national consciousness.
Aspirants must also focus on major freedom movements including the Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, Quit India Movement, and the sacrifices of revolutionary leaders and unsung heroes. The contributions of stalwarts like Mahatma Gandhi, Subhas Chandra Bose, Sardar Patel, Bhagat Singh, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and many others remain essential to understanding the struggle.
Studying Modern Indian History and Freedom Struggle not only helps in exam preparation but also builds a strong sense of patriotism and appreciation for the sacrifices made by countless Indians. It provides lessons on unity, resilience, and leadership, making it a subject of both academic and moral importance.
For aspirants, mastering this section requires conceptual clarity, a timeline-based approach, and practice through mock tests, previous year question papers, and structured study material.
1. The Cartaz system with reference to naval trade was used by which of the following?
(A) Dutch
(B) French
(C) English
(D) Portuguese
Correct Answer: (D) Portuguese
Answer Explanation:
Cartaz system referred to a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian ocean during the sixteenth century. A similar system used by the British was the navicert system in the 20th century.
2. During the 1857 Mutiny, who among the following was the Governor General of India?
(A) Lord Canning
(B) Lord Elgin
(C) Lord Dalhousie
(D) Lord Elleborough
Correct Answer: (A) Lord Canning
3. “Swaraj ha maza janmasidha adhikar aahe ani to mi milavinach”. The word Swaraj was first of all used by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Where did Bal Gangadhar Tilak made the above declaration in Marathi?
(A) In Pune Jail
(B) In Yavarda Jail
(C) In Court
(D) In Mandalay Jail
Correct Answer: (C) In Court
Answer Explanation:
In Court, Tilak declared Swaraj ha maza janmasidha adhikar aahe ani to mi milavinach” in court when he was given 7 years rigorous imprisonment in the sedition case against him.
Later Tilak was sent to Mandalay jail for six years.
4. Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev along with Jaigopal were involved in which among the following conspiracy case?
(A) kanpur Conspiracy Case
(B) Lahore Conspiracy Case
(C) Bhagalapur Conspiracy Case
(D) Alipore Bomb case
Correct Answer: (B) Lahore Conspiracy Case
Answer Explanation:
To avenge the killing of Lal Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru, Jai Gopal, and Sukh Dev conspired to kill the police chief, Scott. But they shot on the DSP – J. P. Saunders, who was killed on the spot. Bhagat Singh immediately fled from Lahore and to avoid recognition, he cut his beard and hair. Later he was trailed in this Lahore Conspiracy Case when he was captured after throwing bomb in Delhi Assembly.
5. The ‘Tebhega’ movement of 1946 is associated with which among the following current states of India?
(A) Andhra Pradesh
(B) West Bengal
(C) Bihar
(D) Odisha
Correct Answer: (B) West Bengal
Answer Explanation:
The Tebhaga movement was led by the sharecroppers of the Bengal region against the oppressive jotedars in 1946-1947. The uprising was due to the sharecropping system that prevailed in the Bengal.
6. Who among the following is considered to be the last Independent Nawab of Bengal?
(A) Siraj ud Daula
(B) Mir Kasim
(C) Mir Jafar
(D) Shujaud Daula
Correct Answer: (A) Siraj ud Daula
7. The Lucknow session of Indian National Congress that took place in 1916 presided by__:
(A) Rash Bihari Ghosh
(B) Ambika Charan Majumdar
(C) Bhupendra Nath Bose
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Ambika Charan Majumdar
Answer Explanation:
Ambika Charan Majumdar was the president of the Indian National Congress for the Lucknow session 1916.
8. Who among the following founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art to revive the ancient art traditions of India?
(A) Abanindranath Tagore
(B) Ravindranath Tagore
(C) Surendranath Ganguly
(D) Mukul Dey
Correct Answer: (A) Abanindranath Tagore
Answer Explanation:
Abanindranath Tagore had founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art in Kolkata to revive the ancient art traditions of India. He was the principal of the government school of art and a great artist of modern India.
9. Which of the following was the primary objective of the Cripps Mission?
(A) To prevent the launch of Quit India Movement
(B) To persuade Indian Leaders to support the British War Efforts
(C) To Convince the Congress Ministries to withdraw their resignations
(D) To set up a Constitution making body
Correct Answer: (B) To persuade Indian Leaders to support the British War Efforts
Answer Explanation:
The Cripps mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British government to secure Indian cooperation and support for their efforts in World War II. The mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a senior left-wing politician and government minister in the War Cabinet of Prime Minister Winston Churchill. The mission proved a failure.
10. The national anthem of India ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was first sung at __:
(A) Calcutta, 1911
(B) Calcutta, 1912
(C) Delhi, 1911
(D) Mumbai, 1912
Correct Answer: (A) Calcutta, 1911
Answer Explanation:
“Jana Gana Mana ” is the national anthem of India. Written in highly Sanskritised (Tatsama) Bengali, it is the first of five stanzas of a Brahmo hymn composed and scored by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung in [1] Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on 27 December 1911. “Jana Gana Mana” was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the Indian national anthem on 24 January 1950. 27 December 2011 marked the completion of 100 years of Jana Gana Mana since it was sung for the first time. The original poem written by Rabindranath Tagore was translated into Hindi by Abid Ali.
11. Which among the following observed the Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946?
(A) Muslim League
(B) Christian League
(C) Sikh League
(D) Hindu League
Correct Answer: (A) Muslim League
Answer Explanation:
Muslim League observed the Direct Action Day on August 16, 1946. The objective of the Muslim League was to create an environment of communal riots and terrorism to exhibit that Hindus and Muslims could not reside together.
12. Curzon Wyllie, who was murdered by Madan Lal Dhingra in London, was___?
(A) Secretary of State for India
(B) Adviser to the Secretary of State of India
(C) Law Member
(D) Governor of Bengal
Correct Answer: (B) Adviser to the Secretary of State of India
Answer Explanation:
Madan Lal Dhingra was a great revolutionary from Punjab, associated with the Indian Home Rule Society, The Abhinav Bharat Society, and the Indian House in London. On July 1, 1909, he shot dead Curzon Wyllie an adviser to the secretary of state of India, and Cowas Lolcaca at the meeting of the Indian National Association in London to avenge the atrocities committed by the British in India.
13. During which among the following movements, Mahatma Gandhi remarked: “on bended knees, I asked for bread and received stone instead”?
(A) Khilafat Movement
(B) Non-Cooperation Movement
(C) Dandi March
(D) Quit India Movement
Correct Answer: (C) Dandi March
Answer Explanation:
Dandi March(12th March 1930) also known as the Salt Satyagraha, was undertaken by Gandhiji. He led the Dandi march from his base, Sabarmati Ashram near Ahmedabad, to the sea coast near the village of Dandi. The triggering factor for this movement was the British monopoly of salt trade in India and the imposition of a salt tax. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement. “On bended knees, I asked for bread and I have received stone instead”, was a remark made by Gandhiji in the beginning of the march.
14. Which party observed the “Black Day” on July 3, 1947, against Partition of India?
(A) Indian National Congress
(B) Forward Bloc
(C) Hindu Mahasabha
(D) Communist Party of India
Correct Answer: (C) Hindu Mahasabha
Answer Explanation:
3 June Plan or Mountbatten Plan was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics. This led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan.
15. Under which among the following treaties, the British East India Company secured the Diwani right of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa?
(A) Alinagar
(B) Faizabad
(C) Allahabad
(D) Benaras
Correct Answer: (C) Allahabad
Answer Explanation:
Treaty of Allahabad ( 16 August 1765), it was the outcome of the Battle of Buxar (1764). Robert Clive (Governor General of Bengal) made a separate treaty with Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II and Nawab of Awadh Shuja-ud-daulah. A/c to this treaty, Mughal Emperor granted Fiscal Rights (Diwani) to the East India Company at Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.
16. The Congress and Muslim League had most cordial relationships in between which among the following years?
(A) 1906 to 1916
(B) 1916 to 1922
(C) 1922 to 1928
(D) 1928 to 1934
Correct Answer: (B) 1916 to 1922
Answer Explanation:
In between 1916 – 1922, the Congress had best of relationship with the Muslim League.
17. On which among the following occasions, Bombay was handed over to Britishers by the Portuguese?
(A) Freedom of Portuguese from the control of Spain
(B) Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza
(C) Crushing of Spanish Armada by British in 1588
(D) The Treaty of Madrid in 1630
Correct Answer: (B) Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza
Answer Explanation:
Marriage of Charles II with the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganza was the occasion of handing over of Bombay to Britishers by the Portuguese (as part of dowry ). On 21 September 1668, the Royal Charter of 27 March 1668, led to the transfer of Bombay from Charles II to the British East India Company for an annual rent of £10.
18. Which among the following apparently impressed Jahangir to issue a farman in 1613 A.D. to the English to establish a factory at Surat?
(A) Reconciliation between the English and Portuguese
(B) A secret offer of naval help to the Mughal emperor to oust the Portuguese
(C) A heavy dose of bribe to Nur Jahan
(D) The defeat of Portuguese naval squadrons by the English
Correct Answer: (D) The defeat of Portuguese naval squadrons by the English
Answer Explanation:
In 1613 AD, Jahangir issued a farman permitting English to establish a factory permanently at Surat. In 1612, the newly formed company had sent four ships under Captain Thomas Best to trade with India. These were mercantile ships but were capable of defending themselves. They defeated the Portuguese, who were already there in Surat for at least 100 years. This defeat apparently so impressed the Emperor Jehangir that he granted the British squadron a firman to trade.
19. Who among the following preached the doctrine of “One religion, one caste and one God for mankind“?
(A) Jyotiba Phule
(B) Vivekananda
(C) Sri Narayan Guru
(D) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar
Correct Answer: (C) Sri Narayan Guru
Answer Explanation:
Sri Narayana Guru preached the doctrine of ‘One caste, One religion, One God.’ Its worth note that one of his atheist disciples, Sahadaran Ayyapan, changed into ‘no religion, no caste and no God for mankind.
20. Who among the following were the main leaders of the Khilafat Movement?
(A) Syed Ahmad Khan and Agha khan
(B) Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
(C) Muhammad Iqbal and Salimullah Khan
(D) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Sikandar Hayat Khan
Correct Answer: (B) Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
Answer Explanation:
The main object of the Khilafat Movement was to force the British Government to change its attitude towards Turkey and restore the Turkish Sultan (Khalifa) to his former position. A Khilafat Committee was formed under the leadership of Ali Brothers, Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani.
21. Who among the following is known as Father of the Muslim Renaissance in Bengal?
(A) Syed Ahmad Khan
(B) Ameer Ali
(C) Nawab Abdul Latif Khan
(D) Nawab Samiullah Khan
Correct Answer: (C) Nawab Abdul Latif Khan
Answer Explanation:
Nawab Abdul Latif Khan: (1828-1893)a prominent personality of mid 19th century Bengal, the pioneer of Muslim modernization and the architect of the Muslim Renaissance, was one of those great men who appeared as saviors of their frustrated, humiliated, demoralized and disorganized fellow countrymen under colonial rule. His chief contribution was in the field of education. He was among the first to understand that young Bengali Muslims should receive modern education. He understood that the Muslims of Bengal had fallen behind in everything because of their prejudices against modern education. He devoted his whole life to removing this self-destructive prejudice from their minds.
22. The Governor General of India at the time of formation of the Indian National Congress was __?
(A) Lord Chelmsford
(B) Lord Dalhousie
(C) Lord Dufferin
(D) None of these
Correct Answer: (C) Lord Dufferin
Answer Explanation:
Lord Dufferin (1826-1902) was the Governor General and Viceroy of India from 1884 to 1888). He had succeeded Lord Ripon in December 1884 and was known as one of the most successful diplomats of his time. Foundation of Indian National Congress by AO Hume in 1885 and the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885 are two important events of his period. The Third Anglo-Burmese War resulted in the annexation of upper Burma. As a result, his tenure saw the final extinction of Burma as an independent power.
23. The only licensed flag production unit in India is located at which among the following places?
(A) Mysuru
(B) Hubli
(C) Dharwad
(D) Nagpur
Correct Answer: (B) Hubli
Answer Explanation:
Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha in Hubli is the only licensed flag production unit in India.
24. The Montague-Chelmsford Report formed the basis of _______?
(A) Indian Councils act 1909
(B) The Government of India Act 1919
(C) The Government of India act 1935
(D) The Indian Independence Act 1947
Correct Answer: (B) The Government of India Act 1919
25. Which of the following organizations provided medical help to the Turkish troops in the Balkan War?
(A) International Council of Nurses
(B) Pax Romana
(C) Global Humanitarian Forum
(D) Red Crescent Society
Correct Answer: (D) Red Crescent Society
Answer Explanation:
Red Crescent Society: Worldwide humanitarian organization providing assistance without discrimination as to nationality, race, religious beliefs, class, or political opinions. It provided medical help to the Turkish troops in the Balkan War.
26. who among the following has written the book” Communist Manifesto”?
(A) Friedrich Engels
(B) Karl Marx
(C) Leonid Gatovsky
(D) Vladimir Lenin
Correct Answer: (B) Karl Marx
27. Which Portuguese Viceroy followed the “Blue Water” policy in India?
(A) Afonso de Albuquerque
(B) Francisco de Almeida
(C) Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
(D) None of them
Correct Answer: (B) Francisco de Almeida
Answer Explanation:
The essence of so called Blue Water Policy adopted by Francisco de Almeida is that Portuguese were not very successful in territorial possessions in India and they followed the path to become very powerful masters of the Indian Ocean.
28. Who among the following was the first to establish ”Printing Press” in India?
(A) British
(B) Portuguese
(C) Dutch
(D) French
Correct Answer: (B) Portuguese
29. The first factory by the Dutch was established at which among the following places?
(A) Surat
(B) Machilipatnam
(C) Negapatnam
(D) Pulicat
Correct Answer: (B) Machilipatnam
Answer Explanation:
The Dutch East India Company was created in 1602 as “United East India Company” and its first permanent trading post was in Indonesia. In India, they established the first factory in Masulipattanam in 1605, followed by Pulicat in 1610, Surat in 1616, Bimilipatam in 1641, and Chinsura in 1653.
30. Who started the process of decentralization of finances in India?
(A) Lord Rippon
(B) Lord Mayo
(C) Lord Curzon
(D) Lord Minto
Correct Answer: (B) Lord Mayo
Answer Explanation:
Lord Mayo or Lord Naas served as 4th Viceroy of India from 12 January 1869 to 8 February 1872. He started the process of decentralization of finance. In foreign affairs, he followed the policy of non-intervention. He opened up Mayo College in Ajmer for educating children of the aristocratic families. India’s census began during his tenure. He was the first Governor General to be murdered in office by a Pathan Sher Ali in Port Blair.
31. Vinoba Bhave was the first person to offer satyagraha. In which year he offered individual satyagraha?
(A) 1939
(B) 1940
(C) 1941
(D) 1942
Correct Answer: (B) 1940
Answer Explanation:
The Congress was in a confused state again after the August Offer. The radicals and leftists wanted to launch a mass Civil Disobedience Movement, but here Gandhi insisted on Individual Satyagraha. The Individual Satyagraha was not to seek independence but to affirm the right of speech.
- The other reason of this Satyagraha was that a mass movement may turn violent and he would not like to see Great Britain embarrassed by such a situation. This view was conveyed to Lord Linlithgow by Gandhi when he met him on September 27, 1940.
The non-violence was set as the centerpiece of Individual Satyagraha. This was done by carefully selecting the Satyagrahis.
- The first Satyagrahi selected was Acharya Vinoba Bhave, who was sent to Jail when he spoke against the war.
- Second Satyagrahi was Jawahar Lal Nehru.
- Third was Brahma Datt, one of the inmates of Gandhi’s Ashram.
They all were sent to jails for violating the Defense of India Act. This was followed by a lot of other people. But since it was not a mass movement, it attracted little enthusiasm and in December 1940, Gandhi suspended the movement. The campaign started again in January 1941, this time, thousands of people joined and around 20 thousand people were arrested.
32. Which of the following policy was launched in 1992 just after the end of the cold war, following the collapse of the Soviet Union?
(A) Economic Liberalization
(B) Look East Policy
(C) National Population Policy
(D) National Policy on Education
Correct Answer: (B) Look East Policy
Answer Explanation:
India’s Look East Policy was for the first time pursued by Narsimharao Government in 1992. Under this policy, India focused its attention toward South-East Asia, which was long neglected during the Cold war period. This policy was further cemented by successive prime ministers and now converted into “Act East Policy” by the current government.
33. Who was Prime Minister of England when Simon Commission came to India to review the working of the Government of India Act 1919?
(A) Stanley Baldwin
(B) David Lloyd Georg
(C) Ramsay MacDonald
(D) Minto
Correct Answer: (A) Stanley Baldwin
34. Sarda Act which was sponsored by Harbilas Sarda to the British India Legislature in India was passed on 28 September 1929. This act was to prevent which of the following malice in Indian Society?
(A) Sati System
(B) Child marriage
(C) Dowry System
(D) Widow remarriage
Correct Answer: (B) Child marriage
35. For how many times Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for Nobel Peace Prize?
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) He never nominated
Correct Answer: (C) 5
Answer Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize five times between 1937 and 1948 but never received the prize, being assassinated on 30 January 1948 two days before the closing date for the 1948 Peace Prize nominations.
36. Which of the following revolutionaries has written Bandi Jeevan?
(A) Chandra Shekhar Azad
(B) Sachindra Nath Sanyal
(C) Ras Behari Bose
(D) Bhagat Singh
Correct Answer: (B) Sachindra Nath Sanyal
37. Which among the following suspended the Non-cooperation movement?
(A) Jallianwala Bagh Incident
(B) Chauri Chaura Incident
(C) Peterloo massacre of 1819,
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) Chauri Chaura Incident
38. Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) was established in May 1972 by the Department of Culture, Govt. of India to spread library services all over the country in cooperation with State Governments, Union Territory Administrations and Organization working in the field. Where are the headquarters of Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation?
(A) Kolkata
(B) Mumbai
(C) Madras
(D) Hyderabad
Correct Answer: (A) Kolkata
39. Who among the following established Ramakrishna Mission?
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Swami Ashokananda
(C) Swami Nityaswarupananda
(D) Swami Kirtidananda
Correct Answer: (A) Swami Vivekananda
40. Which among the following date in world history is known as D-day, a date also known as Operation Neptune and Operation Overlord?
(A) 3 March 1943
(B) 6 March 1943
(C) 6 June 1944
(D) 6 June 1945
Correct Answer: (C) 6 June 1944
41. Tilak Swarajya Fund was started to finance which of the following movements?
(A) Civil Disobedience Movement
(B) Non-Cooperation Movement
(C) Champaran Satyagraha
(D) Rowlatt Satyagraha
Correct Answer: (B) Non-Cooperation Movement
42. Which among the following is the oldest?
(A) Border security force
(B) Central Reserve Police Force
(C) Assam Rifles
(D) National Security Guards
Correct Answer: (C) Assam Rifles
43. In which year split in All India Trade Union Congress took place?
(A) 1920
(B) 1925
(C) 1929
(D) 1935
Correct Answer: (C) 1929
44. In which year Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Ranjit Singh and East India Company?
(A) 1800
(B) 1803
(C) 1806
(D) 1809
Correct Answer: (D) 1809
45. Who among the following are known to colonize an island first of all?
(A) Britishers
(B) French
(C) Portuguese
(D) Dutch
Correct Answer: (C) Portuguese
46. In which year first fleet of Dutch reached in India?
(A) 1498
(B) 1510
(C) 1550
(D) 1595
Correct Answer: (D) 1595
47. Who among the following is known for preparing the draft of Quit India Resolution?
(A) Sardar Patel
(B) Jawahar Lal Nehru
(C) Acharya Kriplani
(D) P Sitarammaiya
Correct Answer: (B) Jawahar Lal Nehru
48. In context with the Indian Freedom Movement, which of the following took place on June 14, 1945?
(A) Cabinet Mission Plan put forth
(B) Wavell Plan Put forth
(C) Lord Mountbatten Plan put forth
(D) Interim Government set up
Correct Answer: (B) Wavell Plan Put forth
49. In which year Vernacular Press act was passed?
(A) 1870
(B) 1875
(C) 1876
(D) 1878
Correct Answer: (D) 1878
50. Which among the following was set up as Imperial Record Department ?
(A) Indian Museum, Kolkata
(B) Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)
(C) Central Reference Library
(D) National Archives of India (NAI)
Correct Answer: (D) National Archives of India (NAI)
51. In which of the following gives the International Gandhi Award?
(A) Government of India
(B) Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation
(C) United nations
(D) Gandhi Foundation
Correct Answer: (B) Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation
Answer Explanation:
To commemorate Mahatma Gandhi’s service and scientific approach to leprosy, in 1986 the Gandhi Memorial Leprosy Foundation instituted the International Gandhi Award.
52. In which of the following sessions Mahatma Gandhi became president of INC?
(A) Delhi
(B) Gaya
(C) Belgaum
(D) Lucknow
Correct Answer: (C) Belgaum
53. During the World War -II which among the following was not a major Axis Power?
(A) Germany
(B) Japan
(C) Hungary
(D) France
Correct Answer: (D) France
54. Which of the following country’s governments is known to impose the policy of Apartheid between 1948 and 1994 which curtailed rights of the black inhabitants and maintained the rights of whites?
(A) Australia
(B) New Zea Land
(C) South Africa
(D) United States
Correct Answer: (C) South Africa
55. Who among the following is known to organize a military force of Sikhs called Khalsa to avenge the murder of his father thus establishing Khalsa Panth?
(A) Guru Teg Bahadur
(B) Guru Gobind Singh
(C) Banda Bahadur
(D) Guru Arjun Dev
Correct Answer: (B) Guru Gobind Singh
Answer Explanation:
The 9th Guru of Sikhs and the father of Guru Gobind Singh, Guru Teg Bahadur was captured and executed by Aurangazeb in 1675 because he refused to embrace Islam. This made Sikhs resent to the religious intolerance of Mughal. His son Guru Gobind Singh had raised this military force organized his followers into the force called Khalsa.
56. Founding Partner of which of the following companies of India became the first Finance Minister of Pakistan?
(A) Tata Motors
(B) Mahindra & Mahindra
(C) Larsen & Toubro
(D) Nicholas Piramal
Correct Answer: (B) Mahindra & Mahindra
Answer Explanation:
The company was established in Ludhiana in 1945 as Mahindra & Mohammed. Ghulam Mohammed went to Pakistan and became the first Finance Minister of that country.
57. In which year the name of the National Institute of Sciences of India was changed to the Indian National Science Academy (INSA)?
(A) 1950
(B) 1960
(C) 1970
(D) 1980
Correct Answer: (C) 1970
58. 1996 was UN’s fiftieth anniversary year and this year was declared by the United Nations as “Year for Tolerance”. The same time frame also coincides with the 125th anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. In this connection, UNESCO had established a new award in the name of an Indian philanthropist for the Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence. Who is this Indian philanthropist?
(A) Aga Khan III
(B) Dinshah Irani
(C) Ghanshyam Das Birla
(D) Madanjeet Singh
Correct Answer: (D) Madanjeet Singh
59. Arrange Radio, Television, Films & Print Media In their sequence of arrival in India?
(A) Print, Radio, Television, Films
(B) Print, Films, Radio, Television
(C) Print, Radio, Films, Television
(D) Radio, Print, Films, Television
Correct Answer: (B) Print, Films, Radio, Television
60. Which of the following paramilitary forces of India was launched to carry out war with the help of Guerilla tactics?
(A) Indian Home Guard
(B) Special Protection Group
(C) Central Reserve Police Force
(D) Sashastra Seema Bal
Correct Answer: (D) Sashastra Seema Bal
Answer Explanation:
The Special Service Bureau (now Sashastra Seema Bal) was conceived in November 1962 and eventually created in March 1963 with the sole objective of achieving ‘Total security preparedness’ in the remote border areas for performing a ‘stay-behind’ role in the event of a war. SSB was started in North Assam, North Bengal, hill districts of Uttar Pradesh (now Uttarakhand), Himachal Pradesh, part of Punjab, and Ladakh area of J&K.
61. Which of the following Viceroys of India used to write poems with the Pen name of “Owen Meredith”?
(A) Lord Northbrook
(B) Lord Lytton
(C) Lord Ripon
(D) Lord Dufferin
Correct Answer: (B) Lord Lytton
62. At which of the following sessions, the Indian National Congress adopted a significant resolution against the use of Indian troops in China, Mesopotamia, and Persia?
(A) 1920 Calcutta Session
(B) 1923 New Delhi Session
(C) 1927 Madras Session
(D) 1931 Karachi Session
Correct Answer: (C) 1927 Madras Session
63. In the name of which among the following Mughal emperors, the East India Company struck the first coins in India?
(A) Jahangir
(B) Farrukhsiyar
(C) Muhammad Shah
(D) Jahandar Shah
Correct Answer: (B) Farrukhsiyar
Answer Explanation:
The Farrukhsiyar royal farman of 1717 had allowed the company to mint its own coins. Thus, he was the Mughal King whose name, East India Company minted its own coins.
64. After the revolt of 1857, via the Government of India Act 1858, the Crown had assumed the direct responsibility for the Government of India. By this act, all legislative, administrative, and Financial Powers came to be concentrated in which among the following?
(A) Viceroy and Governor General
(B) Viceroy’s and his council
(C) Secretary of State for India and his council
(D) Viceroy’s Council
Correct Answer: (C) Secretary of State for India and his council
65. After the Hindustan Republican Association was renamed as the Hindustan Socialist Republic Association, a central committee was formed. Who among the following was from Bihar in this central Committee?
(A) Sukhdev
(B) Kundanlal
(C) P N Ghosh
(D) Shiv Sharma
Correct Answer: (C) P N Ghosh
66. Till which of the following years, the appointments of the Civil Services were exclusively done by the Directors of the East India Company?
(A) 1833
(B) 1853
(C) 1857
(D) 1858
Correct Answer: (B) 1853
67. Who among these is thought of as a Pioneer of Economic Nationalism?
(A) Madan Mohan Malviya
(B) R.C. Dutt
(C) Bipin Chandra Pal
(D) G.K. Gokhale
Correct Answer: (B) R.C. Dutt
68. Which Indian mass movement began with the famous ‘Dandi March’ of Mahatma Gandhi?
(A) Khilafat Movement
(B) Non-Cooperation Movement
(C) Civil Disobedience Movement
(D) Quit India Movement
Correct Answer: (C) Civil Disobedience Movement
69. Who was the ruler of Calicut when Vasco Da Gama arrived in India with three ships?
(A) Zamorin
(B) Abdul Majid
(C) Cabral
(D) Adil Shah
Correct Answer: (A) Zamorin
Answer Explanation:
Zamorin (Samuthiri) was the ruler of Calicut when Vasco Da Gama arrived in India. He offered a friendly welcome to Vasco Da Gama.
70. What was the main objective of the Dutch company to come to India?
(A) Expansion of the Empire
(B) Trading
(C) Plundering of wealth
(D) Proselytizing
Correct Answer: (B) Trading
Answer Explanation:
The main objective of the Dutch company to come to India was trading. Their main attention was on the Spice Island of the East.
71. Lord Cornwallis transferred the Sadar Nizamat Adalat to which of the following places?
(A) Calcutta
(B) Mushirdabad
(C) Bhagalpur
(D) Monghyr
Correct Answer: (A) Calcutta
Answer Explanation:
Lord Cornwallis transferred the Sadar Nizamat Adalat to Calcutta (now Kolkata). Previously it was in Murshidabad. The court was directed to meet at least once a week for their business practices.
72. In which year Lord Wellesley came to India as a Governor General?
(A) 1795
(B) 1798
(C) 1799
(D) 1802
Correct Answer: (B) 1798
Answer Explanation:
Lord Wellesley came to India in the year 1798. He was appointed the Governor-General of Bengal at the age of 37. At that time the condition was very critical for the English as so many regional power and the French were waiting to defeat the English.
73. Lord Hastings appointed the Sardar Amins in every Zila or City to perform the cases up to which of the following amounts?
(A) Rs. 64
(B) Rs. 100
(C) Rs. 150
(D) Rs. 300
Correct Answer: (C) Rs. 150
Answer Explanation:
Lord Hastings appointed the Sardar Amins in every Zila or City to perform the cases up to Rs. 150. The judges of the Diwani Adalat with the approval of the Provincial Court of Appeal used to appoint the Sardar Amins.
74. Who of the following is referred to as “Rough, crude but intelligent Chitpavan Brahmin”?
(A) Bajirao I
(B) Balaji Vishwanath
(C) Balaji Bajirao II
(D) Sivaji
Correct Answer: (B) Balaji Vishwanath
Answer Explanation:
Balaji Biswanath was born in a Chitpavan Brahmin family of Konkan. He was appointed as the Senakarte or Peshwa or Prime minister of Shahu in the year 1713.
75. Balaji Vishwanath died in which year?
(A) 1714
(B) 1718
(C) 1720
(D) 1725
Correct Answer: (C) 1720
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1719 Balaji Vishwanath asked for leave from Shahu due to his ill health. Later he died in the year 1720 (12th April). After his death, Bajirao I (Son of Balaji Vishwanath) was appointed the Peshwa of Shahu.
76. Famous historian Grant Duff gave the title “Napoleon of Maratha” to whom?
(A) Balaji Vishwanath
(B) Bajirao I
(C) Balaji Bajirao
(D) Bajirao II
Correct Answer: (B) Bajirao I
Answer Explanation:
Famous historian Grant Duff gave the title “Napoleon of Maratha” to Bajirao I due to his immense skill in horse riding, Sanskrit Literature, and different sports activities and Guerilla Warfare.
77. Why Charles Metcalfe is called “The Liberator of Press”?
(A) For repealing the licensing regulation act of 1810
(B) For repealing the press act of 1815
(C) For repealing the licensing regulation act of 1823
(D) For repealing the press act of 1830
Correct Answer: (C) For repealing the licensing regulation act of 1823
Answer Explanation:
John Adams introduced the Licensing Regulation Act in the year 1823. The main objective of the act was to suppress the Indian Newspaper by introducing compulsory licensing. Charles Metcalfe repealed the act in the year 1835 and got the title “The Liberator of Press”.
78. Arrange chronologically the following governors-general of India
1. William Bentinck
2. Lord Auckland
3. Charles Metcalfe
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1, 2, 3
(B) 1, 3, 2
(C) 2, 1, 3
(D) 3, 2, 1
Correct Answer: (B) 1, 3, 2
Answer Explanation:
Tenure of the Governor Generals of India- William Bentinck (1828-35), Charles Metcalfe (1835-36), Lord Auckland (1836-42), Lord Ellenborough (1842-44), Lord Hardinge I (1844-48), Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), Lord Canning (1856-57).
79. The ruler of which of the following place improved his administration after receiving a threat from Lord Auckland?
(A) Ruler of Satara
(B) Ruler of Indore
(C) Ruler of Gwalior
(D) Ruler of Poona
Correct Answer: (B) Ruler of Indore
Answer Explanation:
Ruler of Indore improved his administration after receiving a threat from Lord Auckland. The same situation occurred in the case of the ruler of Satara. But did not follow the instruction and later he was forcefully abdicated.
80. When did Ranjit Singh was appointed as the governor of Lahore?
(A) 1776
(B) 1779
(C) 1781
(D) 1785
Correct Answer: (B) 1779
Answer Explanation:
Zaman Shah was the Afghan ruler of Kabul. Ranjit Singh helped him during the time of the invasion of Punjab. And as the gratitude, Zaman Shah offered the post of Governor of Lahore to Ranjit Singh. In the year 1799, Ranjit Singh became the governor of Lahore.
81. Which of the following percentage of Chauth tax was fixed for the rulers in the Maratha empire?
(A) 25%
(B) 38%
(C) 66%
(D) 6%
Correct Answer: (A) 25%
Answer Explanation:
The Chauth tax was divided into so many parts during the time of Peshwas. For the ruler- 25%, for the Maratha Sarders and maintenance troop chief- 66%, for Pant Sachiv- 6%, for the person of ruler’s pleasure- 3%.
82. The Gumsur uprising took place during the reign of which of the following governors-general of India?
(A) William Bentinck
(B) Lord Auckland
(C) Charles Metcalfe
(D) Lord Ellenborough
Correct Answer: (C) Charles Metcalfe
Answer Explanation:
Gumsur is a place of Ganjam district of Odisha. The first Gumsur uprising took place in 1797 and the second uprising took place in the year 1835 during the reign of Charles Metcalfe.
83. Which of the following battles took place just before the annexation of Sindh?
(A) Battle of Miani
(B) Battle of Dubbo
(C) Both of them
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Both of them
Answer Explanation:
Battle of Miani took place on 17th February 1843 under the leadership of Charles Napier. The battle of Dubbo also known as Battle of Hyderabad took place on 24th March 1843 under the leadership of Captain James Outram. And the annexation of Sindh was declared in August 1843.
84. After the departure of Ahmad Shah Abdali, the Sikhs were divided into how many groups?
(A) 5
(B) 7
(C) 12
(D) 15
Correct Answer: (C) 12
Answer Explanation:
Ahmad Shah Abdali left India in the year 1767. After that, the Sikhs declared their supremacy over the area between Rawalpindi and the river Jamuna. They were not able to make a united kingdom but divided into twelve parts and ruled Punjab.
85. Which among the following is/ are the divisions of Ranjit Singh’s Army?
1. Fauj-i-Am
2. Fauj-i-Abas
3. Fauj-i-be-Qawaid
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 & 2
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: (C) 1 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Ranjit Singh’s army was divided into two parts i.e. Fauj-i-Am (Regular army) and Fauj-i-be-Qawaid (Irregular army). The regular army was further divided into three parts. Those are Infantry, Artillery, and Cavalry.
86. Which of the following treaty ended the first Anglo Sikh war?
(A) Treaty of Aligarh
(B) Treaty of Lahore
(C) Treaty of Gwalior
(D) Treaty of Satara
Correct Answer: (B) Treaty of Lahore
Answer Explanation:
The treaty of Lahore was signed between the English (Henry Hardinge) and the Sikhs on 9th March 1846. It ended the first Anglo Sikh war.
87. Which of the following architect was built by Ranjit Singh for his Muslim wife Moran Sarkar?
(A) Mai Moran Masjid
(B) Moti Masjid
(C) Badshshi Masjid
(D) Jami Masjid
Correct Answer: (A) Mai Moran Masjid
Answer Explanation:
Mai MoranMasjid was built by Ranjit Singh for his wife Moran Sarkar. She married Ranjit Singh in the year 1802.
88. Who of the following blamed the Doctrine of Lapse of Lord Dalhousie for being a cause of the great revolt of 1857?
(A) Smith
(B) P. E. Roberts
(C) Henry Lawrence
(D) Jadunath Sarkar
Correct Answer: (A) Smith
Answer Explanation:
The doctrine of Lapse created a fearful environment among the ruler of the states of India and created dissatisfaction among the Hindus. Historian Smith blamed it for being a major cause of the great revolt of 1857.
89. Ranjit Singh belongs to which of the following misls of Punjab?
(A) Phulkian Misl
(B) Nakai Misl
(C) Bhangi Misl
(D) Sukerchakia Misl
Correct Answer: (D) Sukerchakia Misl
Answer Explanation:
Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the last commander of Sukerchakia Misl which was concentrated in Hafizabad and Gujranwala district of Punjab. There was a total of twelve misls but Ranjit Singh succeeded to unite them and established a united Sikh kingdom.
90. Punjab was divided into how many Subas during the reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh?
(A) 4
(B) 5
(C) 7
(D) 9
Correct Answer: (A) 4
Answer Explanation:
The name of the four subas are Peshwar, Multan, Lahore, Kashmir. Parganas are the unit of Suba. The responsibility of subas was under the hand of Nazim, whose duties were similar to the Lieutenant governor.
91. Which of the following dance form achieved a greater dimension during the reign of Wajid Ali Shah?
(A) Kathak
(B) Odissi
(C) Kathakali
(D) Kuchipudi
Correct Answer: (A) Kathak
Answer Explanation:
The Kathak dance form achieved a greater dimension under the patronage of Wajid Ali Shah. He choreographed his own dance form which was known as Rahas and the dance moves were similar to the Kathak.
92. Which of the following military reforms of Lord Dalhousie is/ are correct?
1. The movement of troops from Bengal to West was started by him
2. Enlistment of Gurkha regiment in the Indian Army was recommended by him
3. he was in favor of recruiting British troops rather than the Indians
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 & 2
(C) 2 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Lord Dalhousie transferred the headquarters of the Bengal artillery from Kolkata to Meerut and also shifted the army headquarters to Shimla. By his recommendation and encouragement, the enlistment of the Gurkha regiment in the army was conducted. He was always in favor of recruiting British troops as he has no faith in Indians.
93. The first passenger train in India started during the reign of which of the following governor-general?
(A) Lord Wellesley
(B) Lord Bentinck
(C) Lord Minto
(D) Lord Dalhousie
Correct Answer: (D) Lord Dalhousie
Answer Explanation:
The first passenger train ran in India in the year 1853 (16th April) from Bombay (Bori Bunder) to Thane during the reign of Lord Dalhousie. Dalhousie is called the father of Indian Railways.
94. Arrange the following places according to their chronological order of the date of broke out the revolt of 1857.
1. Meerut
2. Kanpur
3. Delhi
4. Lucknow
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4
(B) 1, 4, 3, 2
(C) 1, 3, 2, 4
(D) 1, 3, 4, 2
Correct Answer: (C) 1, 3, 2, 4
Answer Explanation:
Chronological order of the revolt of 1857- Meerut (10th May), Delhi (May), Awadh, Kanpur (June), Lucknow, Bareilly, Jhansi, Bihar
95. Who of the following is the author of the book ” The first war of Indian Independence”
(A) V. D. Savarkar
(B) Disraeli
(C) Karl Marx
(D) David Outram
Correct Answer: (A) V. D. Savarkar
Answer Explanation:
The name of the author of the book ” The first war of Indian Independence” is Vinayak Damodar Savarkar. In this book, he termed the great revolt of 1857 as a “planned war of national independence”.
96. Lord Mayo founded the Mayo college in which of the following places of India
(A) Ajmer
(B) Gwalior
(C) Indore
(D) Allahabad
Correct Answer: (A) Ajmer
Answer Explanation:
Mayo college was founded by Lord Mayo in the year 1875 in Ajmer, Rajasthan. The purpose of building this college was to provide education to the children of the Indian princess. The name of the first principle of this college was Colonel Oliver St John.
97. Which of the following was the main reason for the annexation of Berar?
(A) The Nizam of Berar had no adopted son
(B) The abundance of raw materials of the textile industry
(C) The Nizam of Berar attacked the British
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (B) The abundance of raw materials of the textile industry
Answer Explanation:
Berar had a huge potential to supply raw materials to the textile industries of Britain. That was the main reason for the annexation of Berar in the year 1853. Though it was said that the Nizam of Berar failed to pay the outstanding money of the British.
98. The actual revolt of 1857 was started from which of the following places?
(A) Kanpur
(B) Meerut
(C) Lucknow
(D) Bihar
Correct Answer: (B) Meerut
Answer Explanation:
The actual revolt of 1857 was started on 10th May in Meerut. The sepoys of 3rd Native Cavalary insisted not to use the greased cartridge. That is why Eighty-Five sepoys were dismissed and sentenced for ten years. On May 10, the sepoys revolted and forcefully released their fellow comrades by killing officers. The intense revolt started.
99. Who among the following assisted Nana Saheb in Kanpur during the great revolt of 1857?
(A) Tatya Tope
(B) Hakim Azimullah
(C) Both of them
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Both of them
Answer Explanation:
Nana Saheb was the adopted son of Peshwa Bajirao II. He was assisted by Tatya Tope and Minister Hakim Azimullah. The main revolt was controlled by Hakim Azimulla.
100. Which among the following imposition of tax duties was/ were recommended by James Wilson?
(A) Income Tax
(B) License duties on trade and profession
(C) Excise duty on tobacco
(D) All of the above
Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Answer Explanation:
James Wilson was a famous businessman and economist. He came to India during the reign of Lord Canning in the year 1859 and suggested the imposition of three taxes i.e. Income Tax, License duties on trade and profession, Excise duty on tobacco (Homegrown). After his death, his work was continued by Samuel Liang.
101. Who of the following Viceroy of India previously worked as the governor of Jamaica?
(A) Lord Canning
(B) Lord Mayo
(C) Lord Elgin
(D) Lord Lawrence
Correct Answer: (C) Lord Elgin
Answer Explanation:
Lord Elgin was appointed as the Viceroy of India in the year 1862. Previously he served as a Governor of Jamaica from 1872 to 1846 and Governor-General of the province of Canada from 1847 to 1854. His viceroyship ended in the year 1863.
102. First Famine code was formulated in which year?
(A) 1881
(B) 1883
(C) 1885
(D) 1889
Correct Answer: (B) 1883
Answer Explanation:
The first famine code was formulated in the year 1883 by the British Commission during the viceroyship of Lord Ripon. It was actually precautionary measures and necessary instructions to be followed during a Famine.
103. Which of the following commission was appointed by Lord Curzon to inquire into the working of police administration?
(A) Mcdonand Commission
(B) Releigh Commission
(C) Fraser Commission
(D) Punchi Commission
Correct Answer: (C) Fraser Commission
Answer Explanation:
Fraser Commission was appointed by Lord Curzon in the year 1902. Sir Andrew Henderson Leith Fraser was the chairman of this commission. In its report, the Fraser Commission expressed a complete dissatisfaction with the police administration of India.
104. The McMahon Line was defined between Tibet and British India in which year?
(A) 1858
(B) 1899
(C) 1905
(D) 1914
Correct Answer: (D) 1914
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1914, at the Simla conference, British colonial administrator Henry McMahon defined the boundary line between Tibet and India. Lord Hardinge II was the then Viceroy of India.
105. Which among the following incidents took place during the time of Lord Chelmsford?
1. Gandhiji returned from South Africa
2. Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place
3. Montagu Chelmsford Reforms passed
4. Third Anglo-Afghan war was fought
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 2 & 4
(B) 1, 2 & 3
(C) 1, 3 & 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer Explanation:
Gandhiji returned from South Africa in the year 1915 (9th January). Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in 1919 (13th April). Montagu Chelmsford Reforms passed in 1919. Third Anglo-Afghan war was fought in the year 1919 (From 6th May to 8th August).
106. Who of the following is known as Punjab Kesari?
(A) Lala Lajpat Rai
(B) Lala Haradayal
(C) C.R. Das
(D) Ajit Singh
Correct Answer: (A) Lala Lajpat Rai
Answer Explanation:
Lala Lajpat Rai is popularly known as Punjab Kesari. He took a significant role in the Indian freedom movement.
107. The first revolutionary organization in Punjab was established at which of the following places?
(A) Saharanpur
(B) Batala
(C) Jandiala
(D) Phagwara
Correct Answer: (A) Saharanpur
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1904, the first revolutionary organization in Punjab was established at Saharanpur with the initiative of J.M. Chatterjee.
108. The Patriotic poem “Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai” was written by who of the following?
(A) Bhagat Singh
(B) Batukeswar Dutt
(C) Bismil Azimabadi
(D) Mahatma Gandhi
Correct Answer: (C) Bismil Azimabadi
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1921, Bismil Azimabadi of Patna wrote the Patriotic poem “Sarfaroshi ki Tamanna ab hamare dil mein hai”. But the slogan was first used by Ramprasad Bismil (Co-founder of Hindustan Republic Association).
109. Kakori Conspiracy case took place in which year?
(A) 1910
(B) 1920
(C) 1923
(D) 1925
Correct Answer: (D) 1925
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1925 (7th August), the Kakori Conspiracy case took place. It was a train dacoity case and the members of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) were involved in the case.
110. Who of the following often used the pseudonym “Balraj”?
(A) Chandra Shekhar Azad
(B) Rashbehari Bose
(C) M.N. Roy
(D) Bipin Chandra Paul
Correct Answer: (A) Chandra Shekhar Azad
Answer Explanation:
“Balraj” pseudonym was used by Chandra Shekhar Azad when he used to sign the pamphlets issued as the commander in chief of the Hindustan Socialist Republic Army.
111. When did Rajguru and Bhagat Singh kill Saunders?
(A) 1915
(B) 1922
(C) 1928
(D) 1931
Correct Answer: (C) 1928
Answer Explanation:
Saunders was killed by Raj Guru and Bhagat Singh on 17th December 1928 to take revenge of the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai. Saunders severely beat Lala Lajpat Rai when he was agitating against the Simon commission. Lala Lajpat Rai died on 17th November 1928.
112. Who of the following was the Brigadier-General of Punjab who ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire on unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh?
(A) Michael O’Dwyer
(B) Edward Dyer
(C) Reginald Dyer
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Reginald Dyer
Answer Explanation:
Reginald Edward Harry Dyer (Also known as the Butcher of Amritsar) the Brigadier-General of Punjab ordered troops of the British Indian Army to fire on unarmed Indian civilians in Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April 1919. The Lieutenant-Governor of Punjab was Sir Michael O’Dwyer (Also known as the iron man of Punjab).
113. Tilak Swaraj Fund was announced as a part of the which of the following revolutionary movement?
(A) Champaran Satyagraha Movement
(B) Civil Disobedience Movement
(C) Non-cooperation Movement
(D) Quit India Movement
Correct Answer: (C) Non-cooperation Movement
Answer Explanation:
Mahatma Gandhi announced the Tilak Swaraj Fund as a part of the non-cooperation movement. It was targeted to collect 1 crore rupees. Bombay gifted Rs 37.5 lakh.
114. Who of the following helped for the reunion of Moderates and the Extremists in the Lucknow Pact?
1. Annie Besant
2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
3. Bal Gangadhar tilak
4. Pherozeshah Mehta
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 & 3
(C) 1, 3 & 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (B) 1 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar tilak the reunion of Moderates and the Extremists in the Lucknow Pact in 1916. Death of Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Pherozeshah Mehta helped the entire process but they were not actively involved.
115. Who was/ were the founders of Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha?
1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. J.B. Wacha
3. S.S. Bangali
4. Naoroji Furdonji
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 & 3
(C) 2, 3 & 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer Explanation:
Rahanumai Mazdayasanan Sabha was founded in 1851. It was founded by J.B. Wacha, Naoroji Furdonji, Dadabhai Naoroji, and S.S. Bangali. Its main objective was conducting social reforms of the Parsis. The weekly magazine of this organization was “Rast Goftar” or the Voice of Truth.
116. Who was the head of the commission which was appointed by Congress to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre?
(A) C.R. Das
(B) Motilal Nehru
(C) Ambika Charan Majumdar
(D) B.V Patel
Correct Answer: (A) C.R. Das
Answer Explanation:
Congress appointed a commission under the leadership of C.R Das to investigate the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre. Other members of the commission were Gandhiji, Motilal Nehru, Jayakar, Abbas Tyabji.
117. Which of the following about the Swaraj Party is true?
1. It was established in 1923
2. Chittaranjan Das was the president of Swaraj Party
3. Its main objective was Rejection of government budget and progress of nationalism
4. Stalling of foreign exploitation
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 & 3
(B) 1, 2 & 3
(C) 2, 3 & 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer Explanation:
Swaraj Party was established in the year 1923 (1st January). Chittaranjan Das was the president of the Swaraj Party and the secretary was Motilal Nehru. Its main objective was the rejection of government budget and the progress of nationalism and the stalling of foreign exploitation.
118. Which of the following was the real meaning of “Wahabi”?
(A) Victory of Islam
(B) Renaissance
(C) Secularism
(D) The path showed by Islam
Correct Answer: (B) Renaissance
Answer Explanation:
The real meaning of “Wahabi” is Renaissance.
119. What was the former name of Aligarh Muslim University?
(A) Muhammadan Aligarh College
(B) Aligarh Islamic University
(C) Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
Answer Explanation:
The former name of Aligarh Muslim University was Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College. It was founded in 1875 by Syed Ahmad Khan. The new name was given in 1927.
120. Who of the following was the editor of the newspaper “Al-Hilal”?
(A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(B) M.A. Ansari
(C) Maula Md. Ali
(D) Sayed Ahmad
Correct Answer: (A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Answer Explanation:
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the editor of the newspaper Al-Hilal. It was a weekly Urdu language newspaper. The Press Act of 1914 forcefully stopped the publishing of the newspaper.
121. Who among the following is known as the Ali brothers?
1. Mohammad Ali Jauhar
2. Mohammad Ali Jinnah
3. Shaukat Ali
4. Syed Ali
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 & 3
(B) 1 & 4
(C) 2 & 3
(D) 1, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (A) 1 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali are known as Ali brothers. During the time of the Khilafat movement, Mohammad Ali supported Gandhiji but later left after the abolition of the post of Caliph in 1924.
122. In which of the following session of the Muslim League Md. Iqbal declared that the formation of the Separate province (Pakistan)?
(A) Lahore session 1940
(B) Allahabad session 1930
(C) Lahore session 1942
(D) Allahabad session 1945
Correct Answer: (B) Allahabad session 1930
Answer Explanation:
In the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930, Md. Iqbal declared that the “formation of a consolidated North-West India Muslim State appears to me to be the final destiny of Muslims at least of North-West India.”
123. Which of the following date is celebrated as the Pakistan Day?
(A) 21st December
(B) 26th January
(C) 23rd March
(D) 16th November
Correct Answer: (C) 23rd March
Answer Explanation:
23rd March is celebrated as Pakistan Day. On that day in 1940, the Lahore Resolution was passed and the Constitution of Pakistan was adopted on 23rd March 1956.
124. Which of the below statements about Gopal Krishna Gokhale is/are correct?
1. He was the Principal of the Fergusson College
2. He opposed the Salt Tax which was collected by the British
3. He belongs to the Maharashtra state
4. He never served as a president in the INC
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 1 & 3
(C) 1, 2 & 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (C) 1, 2 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Gopal Krishna Gokhale was born in Maharashtra. He served as the Principal of the Fergusson College. He opposed the Salt Tax which was collected by the British as he was very sympathetic to the poor people. In the Benaras session of INC in the year 1905, he served as the president.
125. When did Tilak join the Indian National Congress?
(A) 1885
(B) 1890
(C) 1895
(D) 1892
Correct Answer: (B) 1890
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1890, Tilak Join Indian National Congress (INC). He was totally against the thoughts of the moderates.
126. In the year 1857, Universities were set up in which among the following places?
1. Calcutta
2. Madras
3. Bombay
4. Delhi
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 & 3
(C) 1, 2 & 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (C) 1, 2 & 3
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1857, Universities were set up in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras.
127. Which of the following committee’s main objective was to achieve the level of literacy in India similar to England within 40 years?
(A) Saddler Commission
(B) Macaulay’s Minutes
(C) Sergeant Plan
(D) Wardha scheme
Correct Answer: (C) Sergeant Plan
Answer Explanation:
The sergeant plan was formulated in the year 1944. Its main objective was to achieve the level of literacy in India similar to England within 40 years. It recommended for the abolition of the intermediate course.
128. Who among the following said Raja Ram Mohan Roy “inaugurated the modern age in India”?
(A) Devendranath Tagore
(B) Keshab Chandra Sen
(C) Rabindranath Tagore
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (C) Rabindranath Tagore
Answer Explanation:
Rabindranath Tagore said about Raja Ram Mohan Roy “inaugurated the modern age in India.
129. Which among the following organization was established to oppose the social reform movements of Brahmo Samaj?
(A) Dharma Sabha
(B) Atmiya Sabha
(C) Tattobodhini Sabha
(D) Sangat Sabha
Correct Answer: (A) Dharma Sabha
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1829, Radhakanta Deb founded Dharma Sabha in Calcutta. It was mainly established to oppose the social reform movements of Brahmo Samaj as well as the reforms introduced by Henry Derozio.
130. When did Swami Vivekananda attend the Chicago conference of the Parliament of Religions?
(A) 1893
(B) 1895
(C) 1897
(D) 1899
Correct Answer: (A) 1893
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1893, Swami Vivekananda attended the Chicago conference of the Parliament of Religions. He represented Hinduism as a delegate.
131. Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha was founded by who among the following?
(A) Savitribai Phule
(B) Jyotirao Phule
(C) E.V. Ramaswamy
(D) B.R. Ambedkar
Correct Answer: (D) B.R. Ambedkar
Answer Explanation:
Bahishkrit Hitakarini Sabha or the Depressed Class Institute was founded by B.R. Ambedkar in the year 1924 (20th July). This institute worked for the untouchables to address their grievances to the government.
132. Who among the following founded the Radhaswami Movement?
(A) Shibli Nomani
(B) Tulsi Ram
(C) E.V. Radhaswami
(D) C.N. Mudaliar
Correct Answer: (B) Tulsi Ram
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1861, Radhaswami Movement was started by Tulsi Ram. He is also known as Shiv Dayal Saheb or Swamiji Maharaj. According to them, all religions are true.
133. Which of the following policy is considered as the extension of the policy of the ring-fence?
(A) Subsidiary Alliance
(B) Doctrine of Lapse
(C) Permanent settlement
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (A) Subsidiary Alliance
Answer Explanation:
The “policy of the ring-fence” was followed by the British East India Company from 1757 to 1813. The policy of Subsidiary Alliance is considered as the extension of the policy of the ring-fence.
134. Which among the following commission was appointed after the Bengal Famine of 1943?
(A) Strachey Commission
(B) Lyall Commission
(C) Macdonell Commission
(D) Woodhead Commission
Correct Answer: (D) Woodhead Commission
Answer Explanation:
Woodhead Commission was appointed after the Bengal Famine of 1943. It recommended for setting up of All India Food Council.
135. Which of the following was the first famine of India under company rule?
(A) Famine of 1770
(B) Famine of 1866
(C) Famine of 1900
(D) Famine of 1943
Correct Answer: (A) Famine of 1770
Answer Explanation:
The Famine of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha in 1770 was the first famine of India under company rule. The British East India Company did not take any action to control it at that time.
136. Which among the following committees was/ were associated with the development of Indian Railways?
1. James Mackay Committee
2. William Acworth committee
3. P.A. pope committee
4. Ralph Wedgewood committee
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 2 only
(B) 2 & 4
(C) 1, 2 & 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer Explanation:
Committees associated with the development of Indian Railways are James Mackay Committee (1907), William Acworth Committee (1920), P.A. pope committee (1932), Ralph Wedgewood committee (1936).
137. Who among the following was the chairman of the first famine commission?
(A) John Lyall
(B) Richard Strachey
(C) Antony Macdonell
(D) K.C. Neogy
Correct Answer: (B) Richard Strachey
Answer Explanation:
The first famine commission was appointed in the year 1778. The name of the chairman was Richard Strachey. The report of the commission was submitted in 1880.
138. Which among the following matches of Famine commission with their name of the chairman is/ are correct?
1. First Famine Commission- Richard Strachey
2. Second Famine Commission- James Lyall
3. Third Famine Commission- Antony Macdonell
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 only
(B) 1 & 2
(C) 2 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2 & 3
Answer Explanation:
Famine commissions and their chairman- First Famine Commission (1878)- Richard Strachey, Second Famine Commission (1898)- James Lyall, Third Famine Commission (1901)- Antony Macdonell.
139. The Famine of 1770 affected which among the following places?
1. Bengal
2. Bihar
3. Odisha
4. Jharkhand
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 1 & 3
(C) 1, 2 & 3
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer Explanation:
The Famine of 1770 mainly affected Bengal and Bihar but some parts of Odisha and Jharkhand and Bangladesh were also affected.
140. Who among the following was the writer of the book “The Blue Mutiny”?
(A) Leo Tolstoy
(B) Blair B. Kling
(C) Martin Luther King Jr.
(D) Michael Madhusudan Dutta
Correct Answer: (B) Blair B. Kling
Answer Explanation:
The book “The Blue Mutiny” was written by Blair B. Kling. The book is all about the Indigo disturbances in Bengal and the revolt which was started in the year 1855.
141. Punjab Land Alienation Act was passed in which year?
(A) 1900
(B) 1905
(C) 1911
(D) 1920
Correct Answer: (A) 1900
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1900, the Punjab Land Alienation Act was passed during the viceroyship of Lord Curzon. Its main aim was to limit the transfer the ownership of land in Punjab province. A category named “agricultural tribes” was created.
142. Which of the following is the objective of the Left movement?
(A) Revolutionary changes
(B) Status quo
(C) No action against the state of affairs
(D) None of the above
Correct Answer: (A) Revolutionary changes
Answer Explanation:
The objective of the Left movement is Revolutionary changes. The right section always stands for the status quo.
143. Who among the following was/ were associated with All India Kisan Sabha?
1. N.G. Ranga
2. E.M.S. Namboodiripad
3. Jayaprakash Narayan
4. Acharya Narendra Dev
Choose the correct option from the codes given below :
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 1, 2 & 3
(C) 1, 3 & 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Correct Answer: (D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Answer Explanation:
Sahajanand Saraswati was the first president of All India Kisan Sabha which was established at the Lucknow session of the Indian National Congress in 1936. The persons associated with the organization were N.G. Ranga, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, Jayaprakash Narayan, Acharya Narendra Dev, P. Sundarayya, Ram Manohar Lohia.
144. Who among the following translated Kalidasa’s Shakuntala?
(A) Raja Rammohan Roy
(B) Michael Madhusudan Dutta
(C) K. M. Panikkar
(D) Sir William Jones
Correct Answer: (D) Sir William Jones
Answer Explanation:
In the year 1789, Sir William Jones translated Kalidasa’s Shakuntala. It was considered as the first Indian drama to be translated into a Western language.
145. Who among the following considered himself as “The Shivaji of the Marathi language.”?
(A) Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar
(B) Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
(C) Raghunath Vaman Dighe
(D) Shridhar Venkatesh Ketkar
Correct Answer: (A) Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar
Answer Explanation:
Vishnushastri Krushnashastri Chiplunkar used to consider himself as “The Shivaji of the Marathi language”. He is also known as “Brihaspati of the Marathi literature”.
